Canon imageFormula P-208 Scan-tini Personal Document Scanner

As its name implies, the Canon imageFormula P-208 Scan-tini Personal Document Scanner has a strong family resemblance to the Editors' Choice Canon imageFormula P-215 Scan-tini Personal Document Scanner. As the lower price suggests, it's a step down in Canon's line. The big difference in hardware is a somewhat slower speed and a 10-sheet, rather than 20-sheet, automatic document feeder (ADF). What keeps it from also being an Editors' Choice is its limited software. If you already have the programs you need, or are willing to buy them separately, however, it can still be a good choice.

At 1.5 by 12.3 by 2.2 inches, and only 1 pound 5 ounces, the P-208 is a touch smaller and about a pound lighter than either the P-215 or the Editor's Choice Canon imageFormula P-150 Scan-tini. Like both of them, however, it offers not just an ADF but duplexing (the ability to scan both sides of a page simultaneously) also.

One key difference between the P-208 on the one hand and the P-150 and P-215 on the other is speed. Canon rates both of those scanners at 15 pages per minute (ppm) for simplex (one-sided) scans in both grayscale and black and white modes, and at 30 images per minute (ipm) for duplex mode (with one image on each side of the page). For color mode, the ratings drop to 10 ppm and 20 ipm. The rating for the P-208, in contrast, is 8 ppm and 16 ipm in all three color modes. (At this writing, the Web site gives a faster speed for black and white mode, but Canon says that was a typo that should be fixed by the time you read this.)

One plus the P-208 shares with the P-215 (but is missing from the P-150) is the ability to scan hard plastic cards, like embossed ID cards and driver licenses. So as far as the scanner itself is concerned, the P-208 is basically a slightly less capable, but also less expensive, alternative to the P-215.

Setup and Software
As with the P-215, the P-208 offers easy setup. In fact, because the scanner gets power over a USB connection, and because it includes Canon's CaptureOnTouch Lite scan utility in on-board memory, setup can be as easy as plugging in the supplied USB cable and letting your computer run the utility.

Running the Lite version of the program from the scanner memory can obviously be convenient if you want to scan to a computer you don't use regularly. In most cases, however, it makes more sense to install the full version on your computer. The most notable additional features are the ability to store scan profiles and the ability to scan to specific destinations other than a file, including to your printer, to email, or to an application program.

Installing programs from the included disc on your computer also lets you install a combination Twain and ISIS driver, which will let you scan directly from most Windows programs; NewSoft Presto! BizCard 6 SE for scanning and managing business cards; and connectors for Evernote, Google Docs, and Microsoft Sharepoint.

The software installation is fairly typical, except that it suffers from the same issue I saw with the P-215 and the Canon imageFormula DR-C125. During installation, you need to choose between a Typical or Custom install. With most scanners, the Typical option would install everything. With the P-208, however, it doesn't.

As I've pointed out in other reviews, Canon should provide some additional information on screen during installation explaining what each choice installs. Without it you may well choose the Typical option and never know that there are other programs available or how to install them.

In any case, for my tests I installed all the software on a system running Windows Vista. For most of the tests I used the full version of CaptureOnTouch, which can scan to a searchable PDF file as well as to image PDF, JPG, BMP, and PPTX formats. In addition I used BizCard for testing business card scanning.

Performance
As with most document scanners, the P-208 offers a 600 pixel per inch (ppi) optical resolution, which is much more than you need for document scanning. Its 200 ppi default setting is also typical, since it's a high enough resolution for most text documents.

The P-208 did a good job on our document management tests. Using the default settings of 200 ppi and color mode, I timed it for scanning and saving the file in image PDF format at an effective 9.7 ppm, significantly faster than the 8 ppm rating. In duplex mode, it was only slightly slower, at 9.0 ppm and 18 ipm. These are not only blazingly fast speeds for a portable scanner, they're faster than the speeds I saw with the P-215, at 6.3 ppm and 12.6 ipm.

Even more impressive is that the P-208 doesn't slow down significantly when you scan to a searchable PDF file. A number of Canon scanners, including the P-215, can make the same claim, but most scanners can't. The Fujitsu ScanSnap S1300, for example, took 1 minute 43 seconds to scan 10 pages and save to an image file on our tests, but 2:37 to scan, recognize the text, and save the file. The P-208 took a total of 1:07 for scanning and saving to a PDF image file, and a total 1:13 for scanning and saving the same document to a searchable PDF file.

The results for business cards were mixed. The scanner had no trouble feeding a stack of seven cards at a time, so it could scan them all with a single scan command, and the speed was acceptably fast. However, the accuracy was poor, with three or more errors in name, company name, and phone numbers on just under half of the cards, and one or two on most of the rest. Depending on how good a typist you are, you might or might not consider this an improvement on entering the information by hand.

The one serious issue I ran into with the P-208 is that I couldn't test it for scanning to editable text format. Canon doesn't include a program than can handle the task. This seems like an odd oversight, since the scan utility offers optical character recognition (OCR) for scanning to a searchable PDF file. However there's no way to use the OCR to scan to a text file.

The inability to scan to editable text format makes it hard to give the Canon imageFormula P-208 Scan-tini Personal Document Scanner an unqualified recommendation. The scanner itself is impressive, thanks to its fast speed, ADF, and duplexing. And even the scan utility is capable as far as it goes. But it doesn't go far enough. If you don't need to scan to editable text format, or already have software for that task, this won't be an issue. If you have to buy a program, however, you may actually save money buying a more expensive scanner, like Canon's own P-215, that already includes the software you need.

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Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/fhixM3XAimY/0,2817,2418247,00.asp

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LG will launch the world's first 55-inch curved OLED HDTV

We visited LG's HQ earlier this month and heard that the curved OLED HDTV prototypes it showed at CES are due for release, and now it's official. A Korean press release indicates we can expect the 55EA9800 to launch in the next month, with shipments starting in June. According to the specs, its 4.3mm depth results in a weight of just 17kg, probably thinks to a carbon-fiber reinforced frame. Like an IMAX theater screen, the edges are curved towards the viewer to provide a more immersive feeling.

Filed under: Displays, Home Entertainment, HD, LG

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Source: LG Korea

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/04/28/lg-curved-oled-hdtv/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=Feed_Classic&utm_campaign=Engadget

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Fashola, Jonathan should set up joint military task force ? Engr ...

By Ephraim Oseji
The security situation is becoming something else, although it is a national problem. The federal government needs to do something drastic to curb it. Until the government provide jobs and makes it easy for people to feed, then crime in Lagos and Nigeria will reduce.

I want to say that when Governor Buba Maruwa was the military administrator of Lagos State, he had to set up a joint military task force made up of the military, army, police etc.

*Suspected Kidnappers on Parade: From right: Governor Adams Oshiomhole of Edo State; Mr. Tukur Bakori, Director of DSS, Edo State, and journalists during the parade of suspected kidnappers in Benin City, Edo State. Photo: Barnabas Uzosike.

He bought them patrol vans and made them patrol all parts of Lagos State day and night and also he asked for help from corporate organizations who also contributed their own quota by also providing funds for the purchase of patrol vans. Some may see that as being impossible now because it?s a democratic dispensation.

And I keep asking one question that what is? the military and others doing in the barracks? The Lagos State governor and the government of? the Federal Republic of Nigeria should set up a joint military task force to patrol the streets, discuss with the service chiefs and let them know why their men should be deployed to the streets of the country instead of sending troops to Mali which does not benefit us at all.

Government should create jobs ? Chika Godo

It is quite unfortunate that a thing like this is happening in Lagos because it remains the most peaceful state in the country. The root of this problem is unemployment. When I say unemployment I mean there are a lot of graduates and even those with masters degree who cannot get jobs.

So what do you want them to do because kidnapping have become very lucrative even more than the oil business. If you look at for example the kidnapping of the Ejigbo council boss, those who did that may be unemployed graduates and because they cannot feed.

They are looking for short cuts. I want to advise the Lagos state governor and the federal government to create jobs, if not crime rate will continue to be on the increase.

And again we don?t have a good president. If President Jonathan wants to be the best president ever, all he needs to do is to revive the dead sector like the NITEL, Steel companies, textile companies and create so many? other bodies, all these will help curb crime and kidnapping because it is if only if a man cannot feed himself or his family then he thinks evil.

If you suspect your neigbour, call the police ?Obinna Kalu

Kidnapping of the Ejigbo council boss of Lagos state was a sad event in the history of Lagos State because the state is a peaceful one made up of people from different tribes. This sad canker-worm must be checked closely or it will escalate.

The Fashola led administration has done a lot in terms of roads, hospitals but must improve in the area of security. This issue of kidnapping and crime is a responsibility of both the government and the individuals in a , community.

Everyone should be vigilant, once you suspect your neighbors and anybody on your street, you report the person to the police but people are afraid of the police because of their approach to issues and the Lagos state government should employ private security outfits to help it curb crime in Lagos.

Another issue is that we do not have intelligence in this country, if you pay some young men to go around day and night gathering information and pass back to the relevant authorities it will go a long way to help.

Employ private security outfits ?kenneth Okoh

The security situation in Lagos is becoming alarming compared to the past. To worsen it, they? now kidnap people in Lagos. Ha! It?s a sad development. The kidnap of the Ejigbo council boss, just imagine that a local government chairman is kidnapped, that means Lagos is not safe anymore. I want Governor Fashola to act fast. Let him seek the service of our local vigilante groups, the OPC and others.

Let each local government authority employ as many of them as possible and deploy them to their various localities but must also be checked to curb their excesses. Another fact is that for crime rate to reduce the government at both the local and federal levels should be able to create employment.

Just imagine a graduate who has been looking for job for more than 5 years now and the young man is tired. What do you want him to do? If he does not have the fear of God, then crime will be the next thing. So employment is a vital tool if the government wants to curb crime.

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Source: http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/fashola-jonathan-should-set-up-joint-military-task-force-engr-abiodun-burimoh/

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Nearly 50 killed as sectarian violence flares in Iraq

By Suadad al-Salhy

BAGHDAD (Reuters) - At least 15 policemen and 31 Sunni Islamist militants were killed in clashes on Thursday in the northern city of Mosul, sources said, on the third day of the most widespread violence in Iraq since U.S. troops withdrew in December 2011.

Gunmen attacked Mosul, 390 km (240 miles) north of Baghdad, on Wednesday night and seized western parts of the city after using a mosque loudspeaker to rally Sunnis to join the battle.

Military sources said federal police and the army regained control after surrounding a police headquarters seized by militants, who were holding 17 hostages. The federal police chief said 31 militants had been killed in the fighting.

A source at a local morgue said they had received the bodies of nine militants and 15 policemen but others had yet to be recovered.

Troops and tanks also encircled the town of Suliaman Pek, 160 km (100 miles) north of Baghdad, awaiting the arrival of special forces to drive out militants who took control overnight. The highway between Kirkuk and Baghdad was closed.

More than 100 people have been killed in fighting since Tuesday, when troops stormed a Sunni protest camp in the town of Hawija near Kirkuk, 170 km (100 miles) north of Baghdad, triggering clashes that quickly spread to other Sunni areas in western and northern provinces.

The clashes were the bloodiest since thousands of Sunni Muslims started protests in December to demand an end to what they see as marginalization of their sect by Shi'ite Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki in the years following the 2003 overthrow of Saddam Hussein, a Sunni.

Sectarian violence, including bomb attacks which have killed dozens of people at a time, has increased across Iraq this year.

Provisional reports from rights group Iraq Body Count indicate about 1,365 people have been killed up to March 2013.

Militants partially blew up a pipeline carrying Iraqi crude from Kirkuk to Turkey's Mediterranean coast on Thursday, stopping the flow of oil, sources at Iraq's North Oil Company and the oil ministry told Reuters. The attack took place in the town of Shirqat, close to Hawija.

Clashes also erupted in Falluja, 50 km (32 miles) west of Baghdad, after militants attacked a federal police headquarters. The number of casualties was not known.

Sectarian bloodshed reached its height in Iraq in 2006-2007, three years into the U.S. occupation, when tens of thousands were killed.

(Additional reporting by Sufyan al-Mashhadani in Mosul; Writing by Isabel Coles; Editing by Angus MacSwan)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/least-10-iraq-policemen-killed-clashes-militants-sources-101125738.html

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CA-BUSINESS Summary

TSX slumps as U.S. economic data, resources weigh

TORONTO (Reuters) - Canada's main stock market fell on Friday as natural resources stocks slumped and market sentiment turned negative following U.S. economic growth data that fell short of expectations. The U.S. gross domestic product expanded at a 2.5 percent rate, an increase from the fourth quarter, but shy of the 3 percent growth analysts were hoping for. The weaker-than-expected data in Canada's biggest trading partner weighed on Canadian stocks.

Growth falls short of forecasts, weakness ahead

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Economic growth regained speed in the first quarter, but not as much as expected, heightening fears an already weakening economy could struggle to cope with deep government spending cuts and higher taxes. Gross domestic product expanded at a 2.5 percent annual rate, the Commerce Department said on Friday, after growth nearly stalled at 0.4 percent in the fourth quarter. Economists had expected a 3.0 percent growth pace.

Chevron profit pinched by cheaper oil, but beats estimates

(Reuters) - Lower oil prices hit Chevron Corp's quarterly profit as the second-largest U.S. oil company faced refinery downtime and higher operating costs in its home market, though its shares rose as the earnings topped expectations. Analysts cited foreign currency gains that gave the company a particular boost in the quarter.

Euro zone sees light at end of tunnel, pitfalls remain

BRUSSELS (Reuters) - There are no calls for celebration, no desire to relax in the corridors of Brussels but some officials believe the euro zone has turned a corner, sharpening the focus on longer-term reforms and structures. Despite a messy bailout of Cyprus, markets are calm, Ireland's rescue program is on track and Greece and Portugal, while still in recession, hope for a slow recovery next year.

TransCanada expects Keystone XL to be in service in H2 of 2015

(Reuters) - TransCanada Corp , Canada's No.2 pipeline company said it now expects its Keystone XL pipeline to be in service in the second half of 2015 as it awaits U.S. presidential approval. The company, which reported a 27 percent rise in first-quarter profit on Friday, said the delay could increase the cost of the $5.3 billion pipeline designed to deliver mostly Canadian and some U.S. crude oil to refiners in Texas and Louisiana.

Credit Suisse shareholders back pay plan

ZURICH (Reuters) - Credit Suisse investors backed a plan to issue new shares to pay staff bonuses after more than two hours of criticism from individual shareholders angered by high pay for executives at the bank. Just over 75 percent of votes were cast in favor of the plan at an investor meeting on Friday, despite a recommendation to reject it from shareholder advisory group ISS.

Japan's ANA to test fly Boeing 787 Dreamliner on Sunday

TOKYO (Reuters) - Japan's All Nippon Airways will conduct a test flight of Boeing Co's 787 Dreamliner on Sunday, as it prepares to bring back passengers on a plane that was grounded across the world following incidents of batteries overheating. The test flight by ANA, the Dreamliner's top customer, comes after U.S. and Japanese authorities gave approval for flights to resume and will be the first of some 230 flights the airline has planned before allowing the jet to carry passengers.

Union threatens Lufthansa with further strikes in wage dispute

FRANKFURT (Reuters) - A German trade union has threatened Lufthansa with another round of strikes if the airline fails to present a better pay offer when wage talks resume next week. "If Lufthansa continues to refuse to present a negotiable offer that secures jobs and increases wages appropriately, there will be more strikes," Verdi wage negotiator Christine Behle said on Friday.

BOJ in credibility test as divisions emerge over inflation target

TOKYO (Reuters) - Bank of Japan policymakers are divided over whether the central bank can meet its inflation target in two years, underlining concerns it has set an unrealistic goal in its battle to end 15 years of deflation despite plans for a massive burst of monetary stimulus. The central bank held off on offering any fresh policy initiatives following the April 4 policy meeting, when new Governor Haruhiko Kuroda stunned markets by promising to inject about $1.4 trillion into the economy to hit the 2 percent inflation target in roughly two years.

Microsoft gets upper hand in first Google patent trial

SEATTLE (Reuters) - Microsoft Corp came out on top in the first of two patent trials versus Google Inc's Motorola Mobility unit on Thursday, as a federal judge in Seattle ruled largely in its favor. U.S. District Judge James Robart in Seattle said Microsoft owed only a fraction of the royalties Motorola had claimed for use of its technology in Microsoft's Xbox console.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ca-business-summary-004019720--finance.html

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Researchers use nasal lining to breach blood/brain barrier

Thursday, April 25, 2013

Neurodegenerative and central nervous system (CNS) diseases represent a major public health issue affecting at least 20 million children and adults in the United States alone. Multiple drugs exist to treat and potentially cure these debilitating diseases, but 98 percent of all potential pharmaceutical agents are prevented from reaching the CNS directly due to the blood-brain barrier.

Using mucosa, or the lining of the nose, researchers in the department of Otology and Laryngology at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical School and the Biomedical Engineering Department of Boston University have demonstrated what may be the first known method to permanently bypass the blood-brain barrier, thus opening the door to new treatment options for those with neurodegenerative and CNS disease. Their study is published on PLOS ONE.

Many attempts have been made to deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier using methods such as osmotic disruption and implantation of catheters into the brain, however these methods are temporary and prone to infection and dislodgement.

"As an endoscopic skull base surgeon, I and many other researchers have helped to develop methods to reconstruct large defects between the nose and brain using the patient's own mucosa or nasal lining," said Benjamin S. Bleier, M.D., Otolaryngologist at Mass. Eye and Ear and HMS Assistant Professor.

Study co-author Xue Han, Ph.D., an assistant professor of Biomedical Engineering at Boston University, said, "The development of this model enables us to perform critical preclinical testing of novel therapies for neurological and psychiatric diseases."

Inspired by recent advances in human endoscopic transnasal skull based surgical techniques, the investigators went to work to develop an animal model of this technique and use it to evaluate transmucosal permeability for the purpose of direct drug delivery to the brain.

In this study using a mouse model, researchers describe a novel method of creating a semi-permeable window in the blood-brain barrier using purely autologous tissues to allow for higher molecular weight drug delivery to the CNS. They demonstrated for the first time that these membranes are capable of delivering molecules to the brain which are up to 1,000-times larger than those excluded by the blood-brain barrier.

"Since this is a proven surgical technique which is known to be safe and well tolerated, this data suggests that these membranes may represent the first known method to permanently bypass the blood-brain barrier using the patient's own tissue," Dr. Bleier said. "This method may open the door for the development of a variety of new therapies for neurodegenerative and CNS disease.

Future studies will be directed towards developing clinical trials to test this method in patients who have already undergone these endoscopic surgeries."

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Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary: http://www.meei.harvard.edu

Thanks to Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127894/Researchers_use_nasal_lining_to_breach_blood_brain_barrier

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Justice says Armstrong was 'unjustly enriched'

AUSTIN, Texas (AP) -- The federal government is going after Lance Armstrong's money. As much as it can get.

The Justice Department unveiled its formal complaint against Armstrong on Tuesday, saying the cyclist violated his contract with the U.S. Postal Service and was "unjustly enriched" while cheating to win the Tour de France.

The government had previously announced it would join a whistle-blower lawsuit brought by former Armstrong teammate Floyd Landis under the federal False Claims Act. Tuesday was the deadline to file its formal complaint.

The Postal Service paid about $40 million to be the title sponsor of Armstrong's teams for six of his seven Tour de France victories. The filing in U.S. district court in Washington, D.C., says the USPS paid Armstrong $17 million from 1998-2004.

The lawsuit also names former team Armstrong team director Johan Bruyneel and team management company Tailwind Sports as defendants.

"Defendants were unjustly enriched to the extent of the payments and other benefits they received from the USPS, either directly or indirectly," the complaint said.

The financial costs for Armstrong and Bruyneel could be high. The government said it would seek triple damages assessed by the jury. Armstrong has been dropped by his personal sponsors and left the cancer-fighting foundation he started in 1997.

Armstrong had previously tried to negotiate a settlement, but those talks fell through before the government announced it would join the Landis lawsuit. Settlement talks could resume as the case proceeds to trial.

Armstrong, who in January admitted using performance-enhancing drugs after years of denials, has argued that the Postal Service's endorsement of his team earned the government agency far more than it paid him.

Armstrong attorney Elliot Peters called the government's complaint "opportunistic" and "insincere."

"The U.S. Postal Service benefited tremendously from its sponsorship of the cycling team. Its own studies repeatedly and conclusively prove this," Peters said. "The USPS was never the victim of fraud. Lance Armstrong rode his heart out for the USPS team, and gave the brand tremendous exposure during the sponsorship years."

The government must prove not only that the Postal Service was defrauded, but that it was damaged somehow.

Previous studies done for the Postal Service concluded the agency reaped at least $139 million in worldwide brand exposure in four years ? $35 million to $40 million for sponsoring the Armstrong team in 2001; $38 million to $42 million in 2002; $31 million in 2003; and $34.6 million in 2004.

Landis attorney Paul Scott dismissed the idea that money gained by the Postal Service should negate the claims of fraud. Scott the Postal Service is tainted by the drug scandal.

"Even if the USPS received some ephemeral media exposure in connection with Mr. Armstrong's false victories, any illusory benefit from those times will be swamped over time immemorial by the USPS forever being tied to the largest doping scandal in the history of sports," Scott said.

The formal complaint against Armstrong appears to rely heavily on evidence and statements supplied by Landis and gathered by the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency for its 2012 investigation that exposed a doping program on the USPS team. Armstrong has been banned from sports for life and stripped of his seven Tour de France victories.

As Armstrong's teammate, Landis participated in the doping program. He was later stripped of his 2006 Tour de France title won with another team because of his own doping violations.

Bruyneel, who lives in London, also has been charged by USADA with doping violations but is fighting that case in arbitration.

The government notes the contract with the Postal Service required riders to follow the rules of cycling, which included bans on performance-enhancing drugs and methods. Armstrong now admits using steroids, blood boosters and other illegal performance-enhancing drugs and measures to win.

By breaking the rules and covering it up, Armstrong and Bruyneel committed fraud against the U.S. government, the complaint said.

The complaint said that for years, team officials assured the Postal Service that the team wasn't doping.

Armstrong had been the target of a federal criminal grand jury, but that case was closed without charges in February 2012. Armstrong has previously tried to settle the Landis whistleblower lawsuit, but those talks broke down before the government announced its intention to join the case.

Armstrong also is fighting a lawsuit from Dallas-based promotions company SCA to recover about $12 million it paid him in bonuses, and a lawsuit from the London-based Sunday Times, which wants to get back $500,000 it paid him to settle a libel case.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/justice-says-armstrong-unjustly-enriched-133656259.html

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PowerPoint 2013

You don?t need to buy all of Microsoft Office 2013 ?if you use only one of its many apps. So if you spend your days building presentations, but you don?t need a spreadsheet or a full-featured word-processor, then visit Microsoft?s online store at http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/buy, scroll down to the foot of the page, and buy a copy of PowerPoint 2013 for the weird-sounding price of $109.99. Even if you?re happy with the vastly enhanced graphic razzle-dazzle that Microsoft added to the previous version, PowerPoint 2010, you need PowerPoint 2013 because it?s the first version that?s fully at home in the twenty-first century.

The new version finally defaults to creating presentations that fill wide-screen monitors, and web-based presentations are easier to manage than ever. PowerPoint also has Office 2013?s suite-wide support for tablet computing in addition to desktops and laptops. As in the rest of Office 2013, PowerPoint?s tablet-based features are a mixed success?more about that later?but all the other new features are impressively well-executed, with the bonus that they require virtually no new learning.

Getting Help
As in the rest of Office 2013, PowerPoint?s opening screen is a spacious gallery of presentation templates, plus an icon that launches a video tour of the new version. If you don?t find a template that matches what you need, an online search box additional templates from Microsoft and other suppliers. The search box suggests categories such as ?Charts and Diagrams? or ?Medical,? but you can enter anything specific you need. For example, a search for ?Venn Diagram? produced four templates with multiple examples of the kind of diagram I wanted. All of Microsoft?s templates default to the wide-screen 16:9 format. Many third-party templates default to the traditional 4:3 format, but all templates, from any source, can a Slide Size button on the Design tab lets you switch between wide-screen and conventional format?or you can create any custom format.

Presenting, Sharing, & Comments
The biggest improvements are in PowerPoint?s Presenter View, the viewing mode that displays notes and other options on your own computer screen while your audience views only your slides. Finally, you can rehearse with Presenter View on your laptop, without an external monitor?simply press Alt-F5 to enter Presenter View. The Presenter View screen shows a small image of the next slide in addition to a large image of the current one, and a button lets you view all the slides in a presentation so that you can jump easily to any other slide. I was surprised by the slight delay before the all-slides screen appeared on one of my older Windows 7 laptops, so you may want to experiment with this feature before using it in an actual presentation. (I?ll compare PowerPoint?s Presenter View with the similar feature in Apple?s Keynote later in this review.)

One major new convenience lets you transmit a presentation online to any browser. All you need is a Microsoft account, and the presentation gets transmitted from Microsoft?s servers. PowerPoint 2013 is the only desktop- or tablet-based app that broadcasts presentations online. The only alternative is to use web-based presentation software like Google Docs or Prezi (www.prezi.com).

In Word 2013 Microsoft revamped the Comment feature that lets your co-workers exchange notes and suggestions about your document. PowerPoint 2013 now includes a comment feature that works like Word?s, complete with collapsible tree-structured comments that let you reduce a whole thread of commands to a small box. Similar improvements in the interface include a revamped animation feature that (for example) shows you a motion path by showing a normal view of the object in its starting position, plus a dotted line showing the path the object will follow, and a ghost image of the ending position. Of course, as in earlier versions, an Animation pane and preview feature lets you create and refine animations, but the new, more information display makes it faster and easier to see what you?re doing.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/2CjwtnG6XcE/0,2817,2418053,00.asp

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Nokia granted preliminary injunction against HTC in the Netherlands over high-amplitude mics

Don't worry, this time it's not a patent issue. However, it is more bad news for HTC's already-delayed One. Nokia has been granted an injunction by the Amsterdam district court concerning the technology HTC used in its current flagship. The legal battle involves a pair of high-amplitude mics housed within One's aluminum body, which are apparently the same dual-membrane components that Nokia's used in its recent Lumia 720, seen above.

The Finnish company recently applied for a preliminary injunction, pointing the finger at ST Microelectronics, which is responsible for manufacturing the mic for both Nokia and HTC. According to our source, the issue is likely to be a breach of an NDA between Nokia and ST Electronics, as the phone maker asserts that the "microphone components [were] invented by and manufactured exclusively for Nokia." We're still hearing new details and will update as we learn more. We've also reached out to HTC for comment. For now, you can read up on Nokia's statement following the court's decision, embedded after the break.

Update: HTC has offered up an official statement in response to the injunction: "HTC is disappointed in the decision. We are considering whether it will have any impact on our business and we will explore alternative solutions immediately."

Filed under: Cellphones, Wireless, Mobile, HTC, Nokia

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/Vp99cCgyUfI/

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Screening detects ovarian cancer using neighboring cells

Public release date: 22-Apr-2013
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Contact: Megan Fellman
fellman@northwestern.edu
847-491-3115
Northwestern University

Study results could translate into a minimally invasive early detection method

Pioneering biophotonics technology developed at Northwestern University is the first screening method to detect the early presence of ovarian cancer in humans by examining cells easily brushed from the neighboring cervix or uterus, not the ovaries themselves.

A research team from Northwestern and NorthShore University HealthSystem (NorthShore) conducted an ovarian cancer clinical study at NorthShore. Using partial wave spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy, they saw diagnostic changes in cells taken from the cervix or uterus of patients with ovarian cancer even though the cells looked normal under a microscope.

The results have the potential to translate into a minimally invasive early detection method using cells collected by a swab, exactly like a Pap smear. No reliable early detection method for ovarian cancer currently exists.

In previous Northwestern-NorthShore studies, the PWS technique has shown promising results in the early detection of colon, pancreatic and lung cancers using cells from neighboring organs. If commercialized, PWS could be in clinical use for one or more cancers in approximately five years.

The ovarian cancer study was published this month by the International Journal of Cancer.

PWS uses light scattering to examine the architecture of cells at the nanoscale and can detect profound changes that are the earliest known signs of carcinogenesis. These changes can be seen in cells far from the tumor site or even before a tumor forms.

"We were surprised to discover we could see diagnostic changes in cells taken from the endocervix in patients who had ovarian cancer," said Vadim Backman, who developed PWS at Northwestern. "The advantage of nanocytology -- and why we are so excited about it -- is we don't need to wait for a tumor to develop to detect cancer."

Backman is a professor of biomedical engineering at the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science. He and his longtime collaborator, Hemant K. Roy, M.D., formerly of NorthShore, have been working together for more than a decade and conducting clinical trials of PWS at NorthShore for four years. Backman and Roy both are authors of the paper.

"The changes we have seen in cells have been identical, no matter which organ we are studying," Backman said. "We have stumbled upon a universal cell physiology that can help us detect difficult cancers early. If the changes are so universal, they must be very important."

Ovarian cancer, which ranks fifth in cancer fatalities among American women, usually goes undetected until it has spread elsewhere. The cancer is difficult to treat at this late stage and often is fatal.

"This intriguing finding may represent a breakthrough that would allow personalization of screening strategies for ovarian cancer via a minimally intrusive test that could be coupled to the Pap smear," Roy said.

At the time of the ovarian cancer study, Roy was director of gastroenterology research at NorthShore and worked with Jean A. Hurteau, M.D., a gynecological oncologist at NorthShore. (Hurteau is an author of the paper.) Roy is now chief of the section of gastroenterology at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center.

The study included a total of 26 individuals. For cells taken from the endometrium (part of the uterus), there were 26 patients (11 with ovarian cancer and 15 controls); for cells taken from the endocervix, there were 23 patients (10 with ovarian cancer and 13 controls). The small size of the study reflects the difficulty in recruiting ovarian cancer patients.

Cells were placed on slides and then examined using PWS. The results showed a significant increase in the disorder of the nanoarchitecture of epithelial cells obtained from cancer patients compared to controls for both the endometrium and endocervix studies.

The cells for the ovarian cancer study were taken from the cervix and uterus. For the earlier lung cancer study, cells were brushed from the cheek. For the colon, cells came from the rectum, and for the pancreas, cells came from the duodenum. Cells from these neighboring organs showed changes at the nanoscale when cancer was present.

PWS can detect cell features as small as 20 nanometers, uncovering differences in cells that appear normal using standard microscopy techniques. PWS measures the disorder strength of the nanoscale organization of the cell, which is a strong marker for the presence of cancer in the organ or in a nearby organ.

The PWS-based test makes use of the "field effect," a biological phenomenon in which cells located some distance from the malignant or pre-malignant tumor undergo molecular and other changes.

###

The paper is titled "Insights into the field carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer based on the nanocytology of endocervical and endometrial epithelial cells." The paper is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.28122/abstract.

In addition to Backman, Roy and Hurteau, other authors of the paper include Dhwanil Damania, Hariharan Subramanian, Lusik Cherkezyan, all from Northwestern, and Dhananjay Kunte, Nela Krosnjar and Maitri Shah, all from NorthShore University HealthSystem.

Editor's note: Backman, Roy and Subramanian are co-founders and/or shareholders in Nanocytomics LLC.

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Public release date: 22-Apr-2013
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Contact: Megan Fellman
fellman@northwestern.edu
847-491-3115
Northwestern University

Study results could translate into a minimally invasive early detection method

Pioneering biophotonics technology developed at Northwestern University is the first screening method to detect the early presence of ovarian cancer in humans by examining cells easily brushed from the neighboring cervix or uterus, not the ovaries themselves.

A research team from Northwestern and NorthShore University HealthSystem (NorthShore) conducted an ovarian cancer clinical study at NorthShore. Using partial wave spectroscopic (PWS) microscopy, they saw diagnostic changes in cells taken from the cervix or uterus of patients with ovarian cancer even though the cells looked normal under a microscope.

The results have the potential to translate into a minimally invasive early detection method using cells collected by a swab, exactly like a Pap smear. No reliable early detection method for ovarian cancer currently exists.

In previous Northwestern-NorthShore studies, the PWS technique has shown promising results in the early detection of colon, pancreatic and lung cancers using cells from neighboring organs. If commercialized, PWS could be in clinical use for one or more cancers in approximately five years.

The ovarian cancer study was published this month by the International Journal of Cancer.

PWS uses light scattering to examine the architecture of cells at the nanoscale and can detect profound changes that are the earliest known signs of carcinogenesis. These changes can be seen in cells far from the tumor site or even before a tumor forms.

"We were surprised to discover we could see diagnostic changes in cells taken from the endocervix in patients who had ovarian cancer," said Vadim Backman, who developed PWS at Northwestern. "The advantage of nanocytology -- and why we are so excited about it -- is we don't need to wait for a tumor to develop to detect cancer."

Backman is a professor of biomedical engineering at the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science. He and his longtime collaborator, Hemant K. Roy, M.D., formerly of NorthShore, have been working together for more than a decade and conducting clinical trials of PWS at NorthShore for four years. Backman and Roy both are authors of the paper.

"The changes we have seen in cells have been identical, no matter which organ we are studying," Backman said. "We have stumbled upon a universal cell physiology that can help us detect difficult cancers early. If the changes are so universal, they must be very important."

Ovarian cancer, which ranks fifth in cancer fatalities among American women, usually goes undetected until it has spread elsewhere. The cancer is difficult to treat at this late stage and often is fatal.

"This intriguing finding may represent a breakthrough that would allow personalization of screening strategies for ovarian cancer via a minimally intrusive test that could be coupled to the Pap smear," Roy said.

At the time of the ovarian cancer study, Roy was director of gastroenterology research at NorthShore and worked with Jean A. Hurteau, M.D., a gynecological oncologist at NorthShore. (Hurteau is an author of the paper.) Roy is now chief of the section of gastroenterology at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center.

The study included a total of 26 individuals. For cells taken from the endometrium (part of the uterus), there were 26 patients (11 with ovarian cancer and 15 controls); for cells taken from the endocervix, there were 23 patients (10 with ovarian cancer and 13 controls). The small size of the study reflects the difficulty in recruiting ovarian cancer patients.

Cells were placed on slides and then examined using PWS. The results showed a significant increase in the disorder of the nanoarchitecture of epithelial cells obtained from cancer patients compared to controls for both the endometrium and endocervix studies.

The cells for the ovarian cancer study were taken from the cervix and uterus. For the earlier lung cancer study, cells were brushed from the cheek. For the colon, cells came from the rectum, and for the pancreas, cells came from the duodenum. Cells from these neighboring organs showed changes at the nanoscale when cancer was present.

PWS can detect cell features as small as 20 nanometers, uncovering differences in cells that appear normal using standard microscopy techniques. PWS measures the disorder strength of the nanoscale organization of the cell, which is a strong marker for the presence of cancer in the organ or in a nearby organ.

The PWS-based test makes use of the "field effect," a biological phenomenon in which cells located some distance from the malignant or pre-malignant tumor undergo molecular and other changes.

###

The paper is titled "Insights into the field carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer based on the nanocytology of endocervical and endometrial epithelial cells." The paper is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.28122/abstract.

In addition to Backman, Roy and Hurteau, other authors of the paper include Dhwanil Damania, Hariharan Subramanian, Lusik Cherkezyan, all from Northwestern, and Dhananjay Kunte, Nela Krosnjar and Maitri Shah, all from NorthShore University HealthSystem.

Editor's note: Backman, Roy and Subramanian are co-founders and/or shareholders in Nanocytomics LLC.

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-04/nu-sdo042213.php

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Some Apple TVs Have Wi-Fi Issue, But You Can Get a Replacement

Apple has admitted that some of its third-generation Apple TVs have Wi-Fi issues—but owners with affected hardware are now able to exchange it for a fully functional replacement. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/i6B_cR5A4-I/some-apple-tvs-have-wi+fi-issue-but-you-can-get-a-replacement

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Liberty Global's $15.8 billion Virgin Media deal cleared in EU

BRUSSELS (Reuters) - U.S. cable firm Liberty Global won unconditional EU regulatory approval on Monday for its $15.8 billion takeover of Virgin Media, a deal that pits the group against Rupert Murdoch's British satellite TV operation BSkyB.

The European Commission said it did not have any competition concerns regarding the takeover, confirming a Reuters report last week.

The EU antitrust authority said this was because the companies operated cable networks in different EU countries and because of the merged group's limited market position in wholesale TV channels in Britain and Ireland.

The companies valued the deal at $15.8 billion on February 6, the day it was announced.

(Reporting by Foo Yun Chee; editing by Rex Merrifield)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/liberty-globals-15-8-billion-virgin-media-deal-095610276--finance.html

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Marathon victims had nails, pellets in wounds

A dark-haired little girl arrived with singed eyebrows, nails sticking out of her and a badly damaged leg. A little boy also was full of metal fragments, one of his legs bound by a tourniquet that saved his life. A day later, the injuries from the Boston Marathon explosions are now more of a threat to limbs than to lives, doctors and hospitals report.

Three people were killed and more than 170 people were injured by two bombs that were reportedly packed with pellets, nails or metal shards. Dozens remain hospitalized with broken bones, shredded muscles and head injuries. At least a dozen people lost one or more limbs from blasts that doctors say are typical of war zones and leave combat-style injuries. And some described horrific scenes, such as seeing a severed foot on the pavement.

Investigators found fragments of BBs and nails, possibly contained in a pressure cooker used to make the explosives. Doctors' accounts reflected that description.

"We've removed BBs and we've removed nails from kids. One of the sickest things for me was just to see nails sticking out of a little girl's body," said Dr. David Mooney, trauma chief at Boston Children's Hospital, which treated 10 blast victims, including a pregnant woman later transferred to another medical center.

Mooney at first doubted the emergency call to prepare for many seriously injured patients. Then he saw the 10-year-old boy with the badly injured leg.

"My first thought was, 'He's really hurt. This isn't just some EMS overcall,'" Mooney said. "Someone at the scene put on a big tourniquet. He had singed hair, singed eyebrows, soot all over his face."

The 9-year-old girl also was in bad shape and singed. "Whoever got to her first saved her life" by putting on a tourniquet, Mooney said. "If they hadn't done that, she would have died."

Fast work by emergency responders no doubt saved many lives, doctors at many Boston area hospitals said. The blast occurred near the marathon's finish line where medical tents were set up to care for injured or tired runners.

People at the scene used different things as tourniquets, including lanyards with marathon credentials many wore around their necks. Some police officers gave their belts, said Dr. Martin Levine, a New Jersey family physician who was one of the doctors being paid to help elite athletes recover after they finish the race.

Levine told of a woman whose right leg was severed at her right thigh, leaving the femur bone sticking out, and of seeing a severed foot on the ground and not knowing whose it was.

"I've never seen an explosion where people's bodies explode and I hope I never see it again," he said

When word of mass casualties reached Tufts Medical Center, "we stopped all elective surgery in the operating room" in order to free up rooms to treat blast victims, said Dr. William Mackey, the hospitals' surgery chief.

Doctors removed many odd-shaped pieces of metal ranging up to half an inch in size, with nurses saving and tagging them for waiting police investigators.

"One woman from the blast had a piece of a zipper, a handle of a zipper embedded in her ankle joint, which is indicative of the force of the explosion," he said. Of the 19 blast patients, 10 remained at the hospital as of midday Tuesday.

At Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Dr. Stephen Epstein said he saw an X-ray of one victim's leg that had "what appears to be small, uniform, round objects throughout it ? similar in the appearance to BBs."

The hospital treated 24 patients, including three amputations. As of Tuesday morning nine patients had been sent home.

Doctors at Massachusetts General Hospital treated 31 victims. The hospital performed four amputations and at least two more patients have legs that are still at risk of amputation, Dr. George Velmahos said.

At Boston Medical Center, the trauma chief, Dr. Peter Burke, said 19 of the 23 blast victims it treated remain hospitalized, 10 in critical condition. Five patients have lost one or more limbs.

"Some of those 10 are pretty sick" and may yet wind up needing amputations, he said. A lot of them are kept on life-support for multiple operations, but the staff expects and hopes all will survive, he said.

An orthopedic trauma surgeon there, Dr. Paul Tornetta, described pellets and metal shards in many wounds.

"This is very high energy, high velocity shrapnel and blast injuries ... very similar to what a hand grenade might do," he said.

Many of the injuries sound similar to those caused by IED attacks in Iraq and Afghanistan, said Dr. Andrew Pollak, chair of an American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons' war injuries project. Pollak, an orthopedic trauma surgeon at the University of Maryland, said he's heard about the injuries from colleagues in Boston. Improvised explosive devices are often packed with nails, ball bearings and sharp pieces of metal designed to inflict severe injuries. Blast victims face a huge risk of infection because of debris that gets imbedded in tissue, Pollak said.

___

AP writers Lindsey Tanner in Chicago; and Mark Pratt, Jay Lindsay and Rodrique Ngowi in Boston contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/marathon-victims-had-nails-pellets-wounds-204054558--spt.html

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Update: Comet to make close flyby of Red Planet in October 2014

Apr. 15, 2013 ? New observations of comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) have allowed NASA's Near-Earth Object Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. to further refine the comet's orbit.

Based on data through April 7, 2013, the latest orbital plot places the comet's closest approach to Mars slightly closer than previous estimates, at about 68,000 miles (110,000 kilometers). At the same time, the new data set now significantly reduces the probability the comet will impact the Red Planet, from about 1 in 8,000 to about 1 in 120,000. The latest estimated time for close approach to Mars is about 11:51 a.m. PDT (18:51 UTC) on Oct. 19, 2014. At the time of closest approach, the comet will be on the sunward side of the planet.

Future observations of the comet are expected to refine the orbit further.

The most up-to-date close-approach data can be found at: http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=C%2F2013%20A1;orb=0;cov=0;log=0;cad=1;rad=0#cad .

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_technology/~3/URZ8WIGvQ_I/130415123213.htm

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Will Ferrell On Aubrey Plaza's Movie Awards 'Kanye' Moment: 'It Was A Lot Of Hot Liquor Breath'

'I think she wanted to tell me something important, but there was no message,' he tells MTV News backstage.
By Jocelyn Vena, with reporting by Josh Horowitz

Will Ferrell
Photo: MTV News

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1705655/will-ferrell-aubrey-plaza-kanye-2013-movie-awards.jhtml

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Observatory / Science Survey : Sun, Strobe Lights, and Swift Beats

Helena Feldman, Observatory Staff Reporter
April 11, 2013
Filed under Arts and Entertainment, Music

?

Energetic listeners throw up their hands as they move to the rhythmic tunes performed by DJ Nicky Romero at last years festival. He will be one of the many acts playing at the Electric Daisy Carnival this spring.

Fans of EDM DJ?s and other celebrated artists are excitedly awaiting for a season of unforgettable music festivals this spring

A certain genre of music has swept the world of entertainment at a rapid pace over the past few years. Although this style had originated in the 1980?s, only recently has Electronic Dance Music, abbreviated as EDM, reached a mainstream audience. Many people are now familiar with EDM as it is appearing more frequently on television, Youtube, and live in concert. To a person who is out of the loop, this style of dance music is made from electronic instruments and synthesizers with the intention of being played in clubs by DJs. Several of these performers have already made it big and have placed the essential influence of the musical style into today?s pop culture. Some of the prominent DJ?s are Avicii, Swedish House Mafia, and Deadmau5. Along with numerous others, these artists have helped make subgenres of EDM popular such as Skrillex who has popularized dubstep.

Now that this style has caught the attention of thousands, musical festivals and concerts have sprung up in cities such as New York City and Miami. The latest talk about EDM has revolved around two major upcoming concerts taking place right here in New York City. The Electric Daisy Carnival is a festival happening on May 17th and 18th, 2013 in Citi Field. Not only will the audience listen to live performances of renowned DJ?s, but they will also experience a brilliant display of fireworks and theatrical performers in colorful dance attire. Aspiring to be a DJ himself, senior Elias Strizhour says, ?I?m looking forward to electronic daisy carnival because it?s my first music festival, and it will be the first time that I get to see many djs perform, many of whom I?ve been following for a long time.? Students at Bronx Science are eager to experience this lively event, and many have already purchased their EDC tickets before they sell out.

Governor?s Ball is yet another music festival being brought up in conversation among Science students. With a bigger lineup than ever before, this festival will take place for three days on Randall?s Island throughout June 7th, 8th and 9th, 2013. Junior Kenza Belhachmi is looking forward to seeing her favorite artists live in concert. ?I can?t wait for gov ball this year because not only is there a great electronic dance line up, but my two favorite rappers, Kanye West and Kendrick Lamar, will also be performing,? Belhachmi says. Governor?s Ball is not solely an EDM concert; it also features a wide range of celebrated artists, many of which have only emerged in the past year. Last year, junior Julia Britt attended the festival with her friends and describes her experience as very memorable. She highly recommends attending this event. ?I had a lot of fun at gov ball, and really liked how all different types of artists preformed,? Britt says.

Source: http://bxscinewspaper.com/arts-entertainment/2013/04/11/sun-strobe-lights-and-swift-beats/

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Researchers identify edema inhibitor: Substance that can prevent the accumulation of fluid in body tissue

Apr. 5, 2013 ? Researchers of the Max Delbr?ck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) and the Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP) in Berlin-Buch, Germany, have now detected a substance that can prevent the accumulation of fluid in body tissue and thus edema formation.

The results of Dr. Jana Bogum (MDC/FMP) from the MDC research group led by Professor Walter Rosenthal and PD Dr. Enno Klu?mann could be important in the future for the treatment of excessive fluid retention in patients with chronic heart failure. Using a novel approach, the researchers have also discovered a new molecular mechanism controlling water homeostasis in the kidneys (Journal of the American Society of Nephrology).

Every day around 1 500 liters of blood flow through the kidneys. Of this total volume, the kidneys initially filter 180 liters of primary urine, which they concentrate to two liters and then excrete as the final urine. A key regulatory step of the concentration mechanism is the release of the hormone AVP (arginine-vasopressin) from the brain. This hormone triggers a multi-step signaling cascade in the kidneys which affects water channels (aquaporins) and in particular aquaporin-2. "The water channels, specifically aquaporin-2, and their redistribution play a key role in the regulation of the water balance," said Dr. Klu?mann.

AVP, which is released from the brain upon thirst, induces aquaporin-2 located in the renal collecting duct principal cells to redistribute from the cell interior to the plasma membrane. The renal cells can then filter out the water from the primary urine flowing past the membrane via aquaporin-2. Dr. Klu?mann explained: "To keep the renal cell from bursting and the body from dehydrating, the water is directed back via another group of water channels, aquaporin 3 and 4, into the bloodstream and body tissue. In contrast to aquaporin-2, these water channels are located in another domain of the plasma membrane in the renal principal cells and stay there permanently." Once the thirst is quenched, the levels of the hormone AVP are reduced and aquaporin-2 is shuttled back into the interior of the renal cell until it is needed again.

However, if the AVP level is too high, as is the case in patients with chronic heart failure, aquaporin-2 remains permanently in the plasma membrane of the renal principal cell and directs the water continuously from the primary urine into the renal collecting duct principal cells. These cells funnel the excess water into the body tissue. "This process contributes to edema," Dr. Klu?mann said.

Discovery of how translocation of water channels can be inhibited

How can aquaporin-2 be prevented from settling permanently in the plasma membrane and thus triggering diseases or making them worse? Using a new research approach, the scientists were able to identify an inhibitor which prevents the translocation of the water channel aquaporin-2 into the cell membrane. At the same time they discovered a new regulatory mechanism of water homeostasis at the molecular level.

The researchers used "small molecules," low molecular weight organic compounds, which penetrate well into cells. They tested 17 700 such substances in renal cells and ultimately filtered out a substance that blocks the redistribution of aquaporin-2 to the plasma membrane. The substance (4-acetyldiphyllin) prevents phosphorylation, an important biological and regulatory activation step. In particular, the compound prevents a phosphorylation reaction that is catalyzed by a protein termed protein kinase A. This protein is activated in the signaling cascade that is triggered by AVP in the renal principal cells. In the presence of 4-acetyldiphillin protein kinase A cannot add a phosphate group to aquaporin-2, with the result that the water channels can no longer redistribute to the plasma membrane.

The new research findings may not only be of interest for the treatment of edema but also for the treatment of depression. Here, by contrast, medical researchers are seeking a way to shuttle aquaporin-2 to the plasma membrane of the renal principal cell, because lithium, which is often used to treat depression, prevents aquaporin-2 from redistributing to the plasma membrane, thus causing diabetes insipidus. If AVP is not released from the brain, or if the receptor for AVP in the renal cell is defective, this likewise results in diabetes insipidus, as Professor Rosenthal discovered several years ago. The affected individuals excrete 20 liters of urine every day. A similar effect, but not quite as drastic, is caused by alcohol. Drinking lots of beer causes the body to excrete large amounts of urine. The reason -- alcohol prevents the brain from releasing the hormone AVP and thus prevents the redistribution of aquaporin-2 to the plasma membrane.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Max Delbr?ck Center for Molecular Medicine.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

---

Journal Reference:

1. J. Bogum, D. Faust, K. Zuhlke, J. Eichhorst, M. C. Moutty, J. Furkert, A. Eldahshan, M. Neuenschwander, J. P. von Kries, B. Wiesner, C. Trimpert, P. M. T. Deen, G. Valenti, W. Rosenthal, E. Klussmann. Small-Molecule Screening Identifies Modulators of Aquaporin-2 Trafficking. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2013; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2012030295

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/6eWnWFEIZfs/130405104814.htm

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U.S. soldier playing with Afghan kids fatally stabbed by teen

KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) ? An Afghan teenager fatally stabbed an American soldier in the neck as he played with children in eastern Afghanistan, officials said Monday, as the U.S. death toll rose sharply last month with an uptick in fighting due to warmer weather.

Last week's calculated attack shows that international troops still face a myriad of dangers even though they are increasingly taking a back seat in operations with Afghan forces ahead of a full withdrawal by the end of 2014.

Just one U.S. service member was killed in February ? a five-year monthly low ? but the American death toll climbed to at least 14 last month.

Overall, the number of Americans and other foreign forces killed in Afghanistan has fallen as their role shifts more toward training and advising government troops instead of fighting.

But a series of so-called insider attacks on foreign troops by Afghan forces of insurgents disguised as them has threatened to undermine the trust needed to help President Hamid Karzai's government take the lead in securing the country after more than 11 years at war.

The attack that killed Sgt. Michael Cable, 26, of Philpot, Ky., last Wednesday occurred after the soldiers had secured an area for a meeting of U.S. and Afghan officials in a province near the volatile border with Pakistan.

But one of two senior U.S. officials who confirmed that Cable had been stabbed by a young man said the assailant was not believed to have been in uniform so it was not being classified as an insider attack.

The officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity because the investigation is ongoing, said the attacker was thought to be about 16 years old. He escaped so his age couldn't be verified.

Cable's brother Raymond Johnston, a 42-year-old waiter in Owensboro, Ky., said the Army told the family the basics of what happened and that his brother was stabbed in the neck from behind.

Johnston said his brother, who also did a tour of duty in Iraq, was "prepared before he left for anything that happened" in Afghanistan.

Cable met individually with Johnston and three other family members before leaving for Afghanistan and had similar conversations with each ? that the deployment was extremely hazardous and that his family and friends should "continue to enjoy life" if he was killed.

"He was able to communicate to the family about if the worst was supposed to happen, what we were supposed to do," Johnston said.

Cable's body was scheduled to return to Owensboro in western Kentucky on Thursday. Visitation was scheduled for Friday with the funeral set for Saturday.

The Afghan and American dignitaries were attending the swearing-in ceremony of Afghan Local Police in Shinwar district in Nangarhar province, senior district official Zalmai Khan said. Afghan Local Police, or ALP, recruits are drawn from villages and backed by the U.S. military.

The soldier was playing with children outside when the attacker came from behind and stabbed him in the neck with a large knife, Khan said. Other guards nearby didn't immediately notice what had happened because there was no gunshot, and the assailant was able to flee to neighboring Pakistan, he added.

Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid identified the attacker as a 16-year-old local man named Khalid. He said Khalid was acting independently when he killed the soldier but had joined the Islamic militant movement since fleeing the scene.

The district official Khan did not provide a name or confirm the Taliban's claim.

The Pentagon said in a statement last week that Cable, died from injuries sustained when his unit was attacked by enemy forces.

The killing comes as the U.S. death toll rose to 14 in March, compared with four in the previous two months of the year, partly fueled by the start of the spring fighting season when the Taliban and other insurgents take advantage of improved weather to step up attacks.

By contrast, at least 67 members of the Afghan security forces were killed last month, compared with 42 in February and 55 in January.

In a success story for the Afghan government, the intelligence service announced that it had foiled a plan to attack the Sulma dam in the western province of Herat.

Agency spokesman Shafiqullah Tahiri said an Afghan man identified as Sayed Gul was arrested with 1,300 kilograms (about 1.5 tons) of explosives. He blamed the Pakistani Taliban for plotting to bomb the dam in a bid to destabilize the country.

___

Associated Press writers Kimberly Dozier, Amir Shah and Rahim Faiez in Kabul, and Brett Barrouquere in Louisiville, Ky., contributed to this report.

Follow Kim Gamel on Twitter at https://twitter.com/kimgamel

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/afghan-teenager-fatally-stabs-us-soldier-105007454.html

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